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The causes of AMR in Nigeria are multifaceted, involving both human and environmental factors. Key contributors include the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in healthcare and agriculture, self-medication, and the easy availability of antibiotics without prescription. Inadequate infection prevention, poor sanitation, and lack of awareness among the public and health professionals also play major roles. Many health facilities lack proper diagnostic tools, leading to incorrect treatments that drive resistance. Additionally, regulatory gaps allow unchecked antibiotic sales. Addressing the causes of AMR in Nigeria requires coordinated national efforts in surveillance, education, and policy enforcement to protect public health and treatment efficacy.