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At its core, 1-BOC-piperazine is a piperazine molecule modified by adding a BOC group (tert-butoxycarbonyl) to one of its two nitrogen atoms. Piperazine itself is a six-membered ring containing two nitrogen atoms in opposite positions. By attaching a BOC group to one nitrogen, chemists temporarily "block" that site, allowing reactions to occur selectively at the other nitrogen.