Power BI developers ensure scalability by designing data models that can handle large volumes of data efficiently. They optimize DAX formulas and reduce the complexity of calculations to improve performance. Developers might also use techniques like data partitioning, incremental data refreshes, and aggregations to manage and streamline large datasets. Additionally, they configure dashboards to load data on demand, rather than pre-loading everything, to minimize performance bottlenecks. By regularly testing and iterating on these solutions, developers ensure that dashboards remain responsive and scalable as data grows.